Wapres Boediono Bersaksi, Bail Out untuk Century karena Mendesak
Indonesian VP Gave a Testimony at the Trial as the Former Bank Indonesia Governor
Reporter : Rusdi Kamal
Editor : Cahyani Harzi
Translator : Dhelia Gani
Jakarta (B2B) - Pemberian Fasilitas Pendanaan Jangka Pendek (FPJP) kepada Bank Century pada 2008 mendesak dilakukan karena kondisi perekonomian Indonesia sedang krisis, kata Wakil Presiden Boediono saat bersaksi di di Pengadilan Tindak Pidana Korupsi (Tipikor) Jakarta, Jumat.
"Saya sangat mengerti para pelaksana ini dihadapi situasi mendesak, kalau besok pagi tidak ada (dana) maka bank akan ditutup dan menimbulkan rush, keadaan memang kritis," kata Boediono, yang menjadi Gubernur Bank Indonesia periode 2008-2009, dalam sidang di Tipikor.
Dalam sidang itu, jaksa penuntut umum Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi Pulung Rindandoro mempertanyakan keputusan Bank Indonesia (BI) mencairkan dana FPJP untuk Bank Century tanpa dokumen lengkap.
"Rapat pada 20 November 2008 ada pembicaraan dokumen belum lengkap namun FPJP sudah dicairkan BI, apakah dengan ketidaklengkapan dokumen menjadikan FPJP melanggar peraturan Undang-undang?" tanya jaksa.
"Saya kira masalah melanggar atau tidak karena hal yang dilaporkan pada tanggal 20 itu adalah bagaimana memperbaiki dokumentasi saat pencairan," jawab Boediono saat menjadi saksi untuk terdakwa Budi Mulya, mantan Deputi Gubenur BI Bidang Pengelolaan Moneter dan Devisa dan Kantor Perwakilan.
Menurut surat dakwaan terhadap Budi Mulya, pencairan FPJP Century berlangsung dua tahap yaitu Rp356,813 miliar pada 14 November 2008, pada 17 November 2008 sebesar Rp145,26 miliar dan Rp502,703 miliar pada 18 November 2008 sehingga total Rp689,394 miliar.
Pemberian FPJP dilakukan setelah BI mengubah Peraturan BI No. 10/26/PBI/2008 menjadi PBI No.10/30/PBI/2008 sehingga syarat pemberian FPJP cukup dengan rasio kecukupan modal (CAR) positif pada 14 November 2008.
Padahal belum dilakukan pemeriksaan pada dokumen aset kredit yang akan dijadikan agunan oleh para debitur.
"Apakah diperkenankan untuk mengabaikan ketentuan?" tanya Pulung.
"Tidak dalam posisi itu, tapi situasi mendesak karena dihadapkan pada pilihan apakah bank ditutup kemudian rush atau dokumen dilengkapi kemudian. Saat krisis itu yang paling penting adalah kepercayaan masyarakat," jawab Boediono.
"Tapi apakah keadaan 2008-2009 sama (dengan) keadaan 1998-1999?" tanya jaksa KMS Ronni.
"Hampir sama. Saya sudah 30 tahun menangani masalah-masalah ini di pemerintahan di berbagai posisi. Saya yakin kalau hal ini tidak diterapkan maka akan terjadi seperti 97-98 dan biayanya luar biasa. Bukan hanya biaya untuk bank tapi juga sosial dan politik yang besar," ungkap Boediono.
"Tapi di mana bagian krisis 2008?" tanya KMS Roni.
"Bicara ekonomi globalisasi, apa yang terjadi di sudut dunia bisa dalam beberapa jam mempengaruhi tempat lain di sudut dunia lain dan dikaitkan dengan masalah keuangan terjadi cepat sekali konsekuensinya. Indonesia Oktober-November sudah masuk ke pusaran krisis keuangan," jawab Boediono.
"Tapi kenapa dalam krisis tidak pakai Fasilitas Pendanaan Darurat (FPD) tapi menggunakan FPJP yang dari APBN?" tanya KMS Roni.
"FPD belum operasional pada waktu itu. Saat teleconference 13 November 2008 dengan Menkeu (Sri Mulyani) juga dikatakan belum siap kemudian apa yang bisa kita lakukan? Sebenarnya krisis itu mirip-mirip bencana yaitu perlu tanggap darurat, jadi itu yang kita lakukan, krisis harus ditangani dengan langkah-langkah yang tidak biasa," jawab Boediono.
"Pemerintah pernah umumkan pada 2008 bahwa keadaan keuangan krisis?" tanya Roni.
"Saya pribadi tidak ingat tapi pengumuman paling baku adalah lewat Perppu itu adalah karena Indonesia menghadapi dampak krisis keuangan global karena tujuan Perppu untuk menangani situasi yang gawat, yang genting," jawab Boediono.
"Tapi bagaimana penjelasannya disebut krisis karena di konsideran Perppu tidak disebutkan ada krisis?" tanya Roni.
"Saya bukan ahli hukum, saya ekonom, tapi kalau di Perppu dikatakan krisis maka semua akan lari tapi nyatanya bulan Oktober sudah terjadi goyangan-goyangan yang saya sebut tadi. Kalau itu bukan krisis saya tidak tahu apa lagi, kalau 1998 itu sudah chaos," ungkap Boediono.
"Tapi perubahan PBI dilakukan tergesa-gesa selanjutnya antara Surat Edaran internal dan eksternal BI juga dibuat di hari yang sama dan malamnya dilakukan pencairan FPJP tahap satu seberapa mendesak sampai harus segitunya?" tanya Roni.
"Yang Mulia situasinya sangat-sangat gawat! Apabila satu bank jatuh dan sepertinya Bank Century yang akan jatuh maka akan terjadi rentetan penyerbuan ke bank-bank seperti pengalaman situasi 98," jawab Boediono.
"Bagian mana yang paling berwenang menyetujui FPJP?" tanya Roni.
"Di BI ada pembagian kewenangan dan tanggung jawab, ada bagian di mana Rapat Dewan Gubernur harus memutuskan seperti perbuhan PBI tapi pelaksanaan diserahkan kepada deputi gubernur yang membidangi atau kombinasi deputi gubernur dan yang melaksanakan para direktur yang terkait," jelas Boediono.
"Deputi apa yang membidangi FPJP?" tanya Roni.
"Untuk pelaksanaannya ada tiga deputi gubernur yaitu bidang pengelolaan moneter saudara Budi Mulya, deputi gubernur yang membidangani kredit Pak Budi Rochadi dan juga penting deputi bagian Pengawasan Bank Ibu Fajriah," jawab Boediono.
"Kalau persetujuan FPJP dari siapa?" tanya Roni.
"Yang diputuskan dalam RDG adalah perubahan PBI, di situ ada pembahasan mengenai apa yang ada di hadapan kita, tapi ada juga masalah-masalah yang dibahas dalam rapat marathon sampai pagi itu yaitu perkembangan kemungkinan bank-bank lain dalam situasi seperti itu dan itu landasan perubahan PBI kita ingin ada aturan di mana likuiditas itu tersedia untuk bank-bank yang mengalami kesulitan likuiditas dalam situasi krisis," jawab Boediono.
Jakarta (B2B) - Century Bank in 2008 urgently needed short-term lending facility (FPJP), as the Indonesian economy was then in crisis, stated Vice President Boediono.
Boediono made the remark here on Friday when he, as the former central Bank Indonesia governor, gave a testimony at the trial of former Bank Indonesia governor Budi Mulia in connection with an alleged corruption case linked to the Century Bank bailout in 2008.
"During the meeting in November 2008, there were discussions that although the documentation was incomplete, yet the FPJP was disbursed. Is the extension of FPJP against the law because documents are not complete?" claimed prosecutor Pulung Rindandoro.
"I do not know whether or not it violates the law. What was reported on November 20 was how to improve documentation for the disbursement. I completely understand the sense of urgency faced by executors as unless funds were available in the morning the bank would be closed and it could cause a bank run," Boediono pointed out.
According to Budi Mulias charges, the FPJP had been disbursed in three stages: on November 14, 2008 worth Rp356.813 billion and later on November 17, 2009 worth Rp145.26 billion, and November 18, 2008 worth Rp502.703 billion, reaching a grand total of Rp689.394 billion.
The FPJP was given after Bank Indonesia changed the BI regulation (PBI) Number 10/26/PBI/2008 to Number 10/30/PBI/2008 to meet the requirement for FPJP extension and make the recipient banks capital adequacy ratio positive while no check had been made on credit asset documents that were to be used as collaterals by the debtors.
"Is it alright to ignore the regulation", Pulung questioned.
"I am not in the position (to confirm it), but the situation at that time was very urgent and, we had to decide between whether to close the bank to later cause a run or to complete the documentation later. During a crisis, the most important thing is public confidence," Boediono replied.
When asked if the situation in 2008-2009 was the same as in 1998-1999, Boediono stated that it was almost the same.
"In this field, I have held various government positions for the last 30 years. I was convinced that if it was not done then a situation like in 1997-1998 would have really happened, and the cost would be very huge, not just for the bank but also in social and political terms," Boediono reiterated.
"In view of economic globalization, what happens in one corner of the world would affect the situation in other parts in the world in mere hours and in case of a financial matter, it can happen faster. In October-November, Indonesia was going through a financial crisis," Boediono remarked in connection with the 2008 crisis.
When asked why the emergency funding facility (FPD) was not used to deal with the crisis instead of the FPJP that used the national budget, Boediono answered that the FPD was not yet operational at that time.
"During the teleconference held on November 13, 2008, the finance minister (Sri Mulyani) also said that the facility was not yet ready. So what should we do? Actually, a crisis is like a natural disaster that requires emergency response and that was what we had done. A crisis must be handled using extraordinary steps," he emphasized.
"The government has never announced that in 2008 the country was facing a financial crisis," Roni claimed.
"I personally did not remember, but the clearest announcement about it was the issuance of the government regulation in lieu of the law (Perppu) because Perppu was only created to deal with emergency situations," Boediono replied.
"But how could we explain that crisis had happened because in its consideration the Perppu did not mention the crisis," Roni pointed out.
"I am not a legal expert. I am an economist. But, if the Perppu mentioned that crisis had happened then the people would certainly panic. But, in October, as I have said crisis had already happened. If what happened then was not a crisis then I did not know what it was. In 1998, it was no longer a crisis, but a chaos," Boediono remarked.
"But the PBI had been changed quickly, while Bank Indonesias internal and external circulars were also made on the same day and at night, the first FPJP was disbursed. How urgent was the situation?" Roni questioned.
"The situation was really urgent. If one bank collapsed and Century Bank could be the one, a bank run certainly would have occurred like in 1998," Boediono pointed out.
"In Bank Indonesia, authorities and responsibilities are distributed. There are areas in which the board of governors would make the decision, such as with regard to PBI change, but implementation is referred to the concerned deputy governors and directors," Boediono stated when asked about who has the highest authority to approve FPJP extension.
"Which deputy deals with FPJP?" Roni questioned.
"Three deputies are involved: deputy for monetary management held by Budi Mulia, for credit held by Budi Rochadi, and bank supervision held by Fafriah," Boediono replied.
"And who approves FPJP?" Roni asked.
"What the board of governors meeting decided was a PBI change. Discussion had happened on what we were facing, but there were also other problems discussed in the meeting that lasted until the wee hours of the morning, such as the possibility of other banks in the same situation and that was what was used as the basis for changing the PBI, as we wished a regulation would be available to assure liquidity supply for banks facing liquidity problems during a crisis," Boediono added.